Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Low GCNT2/I-Branching Glycan Expression Is Associated with Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13030682

Figure Lengend Snippet: I-antigen regulates bladder cancer evasion from natural killer (NK) cells. ( A ) I-antigen expression was regulated by GCNT2. Dashed lines indicate the unstained control. ( B ) Cytotoxic effects of murine NK cells on YTS-1 and GCNT2-overexpressing YTS-1 (YTS1GCNT2-1 and 2) cells were assayed. ( C ) No significant differences in tumor cell invasion between YTS-1 and GCNT2-overexpressed YTS-1. ( D ) YTS-1 cells were cultured with the O -glycosylation inhibitor benzyl-alph-GalNAc (BAG), glucosylceramide synthetase inhibitor DL-threo-1-Phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol hydrochloride (PPMP), and N -glycosylation inhibitor tunycamycin (TM) for 48 h. I-antigen expression was determined by flow cytometry. BAG- and PPMP-treated cells showed a significant reduction in I-antigen levels. NS = not significant.

Article Snippet: The glucosylceramide synthetase inhibitor DL-threo-1-Phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol hydrochloride (PPMP) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Cell Culture, Glycoproteomics, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Low GCNT2/I-Branching Glycan Expression Is Associated with Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13030682

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. I-antigen regulates bladder cancer evasion from natural killer (NK) cells. (A) I-antigen expression was regulated by GCNT2. Dashed lines indicate the unstained control. (B) Cytotoxic effects of murine NK cells on YTS-1 and GCNT2-overexpressing YTS-1 (YTS1GCNT2-1 and 2) cells were assayed. (C) No significant differences in tumor cell invasion between YTS-1 and GCNT2- overexpressed YTS-1. (D) YTS-1 cells were cultured with the O-glycosylation inhibitor benzyl- alph-GalNAc (BAG), glucosylceramide synthetase inhibitor DL-threo-1-Phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3- morpholino-1-propanol hydrochloride (PPMP), and N-glycosylation inhibitor tunycamycin (TM) for 48 h. I-antigen expression was determined by flow cytometry. BAG- and PPMP-treated cells showed a significant reduction in I-antigen levels. NS = not significant.

Article Snippet: The glucosylceramide synthetase inhibitor DLthreo-1-Phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol hydrochloride (PPMP) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Cell Culture, Glycoproteomics, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Liver International

Article Title: Ganglioside GD2 Contributes to a Stem‐Like Phenotype in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

doi: 10.1111/liv.16208

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evidence for association between GD2 and stem‐like features. (A) Evaluation of stem‐like surface proteins in GD2 pos and GD2 neg SPH cells by FACS. reported as percentage of positive cells and MFI. (B) iCCA sphere‐forming efficiency and sphere‐volume in CCLP1 cells after PPMP exposure. Mean ± SEM ( n = 3, *** p ≤ 0.001 PPMP‐SPH vs. CTR‐SPH). (C) Impact of PPMP on the expression of several stem‐like genes. The mRNA expression of stem‐like genes is presented as 2^deltaCT. Data are mean ± SEM ( n = 3, * p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.001 PPMP‐SPH vs. CTR‐SPH).

Article Snippet: To test the biosynthetic GS‐pathway, iCCA cells (MON and SPH) were treated with PPMP (#870792P‐5MG, Merck), a specific inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (first step of GS synthesis).

Techniques: Expressing